Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Fair Value Measurements and Derivatives

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivatives
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements and Derivatives
8. Fair Value Measurements and Derivatives

 

Fair value is defined as the price at which an orderly transaction to sell an asset or to transfer a liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (that is, an exit price at the measurement date from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability).

 

Fair Value Hierarchy

 

The following hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value should maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available:

 

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement dates.

Level 2 — Significant other observable inputs that are used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources.

Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs we believe market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available.

 

Derivatives

 

We are exposed to market risk attributable to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and fuel prices. We attempt to minimize these risks through a combination of our normal operating and financing activities and through the use of derivatives. We assess whether derivatives used in hedging transactions are “highly effective” in offsetting changes in the cash flow of our hedged forecasted transactions. We use regression analysis for this hedge relationship and high effectiveness is achieved when a statistically valid relationship reflects a high degree of offset and correlation between the fair values of the derivative and the hedged forecasted transaction. There are no amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and there are no credit-risk-related contingent features in our derivative agreements. We monitor concentrations of credit risk associated with financial and other institutions with which we conduct significant business. Credit risk, including but not limited to counterparty non-performance under derivatives, is not considered significant, as we primarily conduct business with large, well-established financial institutions with which we have established relationships, and which have credit risks acceptable to us, or the credit risk is spread out among a large number of creditors. We do not anticipate non-performance by any of our significant counterparties.

 

As of June 30, 2018, we had fuel swaps maturing through December 31, 2020 which are used to mitigate the financial impact of volatility of fuel prices pertaining to approximately 1.0 million metric tons of our projected fuel purchases.

 

As of June 30, 2018, we had foreign currency forward contracts, matured foreign currency options and matured foreign currency collars which are used to mitigate the financial impact of volatility in foreign currency exchange rates related to our ship construction contracts denominated in euros. The notional amount of our foreign currency forward contracts was €1.5 billion, or $1.8 billion based on the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate as of June 30, 2018.

 

As of June 30, 2018, we had interest rate swap agreements to hedge our exposure to interest rate movements and to manage our interest expense. The notional amount of outstanding debt associated with the interest rate swap agreements was $1.0 billion as of June 30, 2018.

 
The following table sets forth our derivatives measured at fair value and discloses the balance sheet location (in thousands):

 

        Asset     Liability  
    Balance Sheet location   June 30,
2018
    December 31,
2017
    June 30,
2018
    December 31,
2017
 
Fuel contracts designated as hedging instruments                          
    Prepaid expenses and other assets   $ 48,058     $ 19,220     $     $ 2,406  
    Other long-term assets     32,482       19,854       658       3,469  
    Accrued expenses and other liabilities                       3,348  
    Other long-term liabilities           576             2,148  
Foreign currency contracts designated as hedging instruments                                    
    Prepaid expenses and other assets     3,502       52,300             730  
    Other long-term assets     42,186       85,081       2,960        
    Other long-term liabilities                 4,760        
Interest contracts designated as hedging instruments                                    
    Prepaid expenses and other assets     621                    
    Other long-term assets     1,362                    
    Accrued expenses and other liabilities                       1,020  
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments       $ 128,211     $ 177,031     $ 8,378     $ 13,121  

 

The fair values of swap and forward contracts are determined based on inputs that are readily available in public markets or can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets. The Company determines the value of options and collars utilizing an option pricing model based on inputs that are either readily available in public markets or can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets. The option pricing model used by the Company is an industry standard model for valuing options and is used by the broker/dealer community. The inputs to this option pricing model are the option strike price, underlying price, risk-free rate of interest, time to expiration, and volatility. The fair value of option contracts considers both the intrinsic value and any remaining time value associated with those derivatives that have not yet settled. The Company also considers counterparty credit risk and its own credit risk in its determination of all estimated fair values. Our derivatives and financial instruments were categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, and we had no derivatives or financial instruments categorized as Level 1 or Level 3. Our derivative contracts include rights of offset with our counterparties. We have elected to net certain assets and liabilities within counterparties when the rights of offset exist. We are not required to post cash collateral related to our derivative instruments.

 

The following table discloses the gross and net amounts recognized within assets and liabilities (in thousands):

 

June 30, 2018   Gross Amounts     Gross
Amounts
Offset
    Total Net
Amounts
    Gross
Amounts Not
Offset
    Net Amounts  
Assets   $ 128,211     $ (3,618 )   $ 124,593     $ (42,913 )   $ 81,680  
Liabilities     4,760             4,760       (4,760 )      

  

December 31, 2017   Gross Amounts     Gross
Amounts
Offset
    Total Net
Amounts
    Gross
Amounts Not
Offset
    Net Amounts  
Assets   $ 176,455     $ (6,605 )   $ 169,850     $ (127,924 )   $ 41,926  
Liabilities     6,516       (576 )     5,940       (1,020 )     4,920  

 

The effects of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows (in thousands):

 

Derivatives  

Amount of gain or (loss)

recognized in other

comprehensive income

   

Location of gain or

(loss) reclassified

from accumulated

other

comprehensive

income (loss) into

income

 

Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified

from accumulated other comprehensive

income (loss) into income

 
   

Three Months

Ended June 30,

2018

   

Three Months

Ended June 30,

2017

       

Three Months

Ended June 30,

2018

   

Three Months

Ended June 30,

2017

 
Fuel contracts   $ 70,508     $ (4,884 )   Fuel   $ 7,904     $ (8,584 )
Foreign currency contracts     (88,382 )     136,428     Depreciation and amortization expense     (899 )     (895 )
Interest rate contracts     1,980       (25 )   Interest expense, net     (282 )     (765 )
Total gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income   $ (15,894 )   $ 131,519         $ 6,723     $ (10,244 )
   

The effects of cash flow hedge accounting on the consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):

 

    For the Three months 
Ended June 30, 2018
    For the Three months 
Ended June 30, 2017
 
    Fuel     Depreciation 
and 
amortization
    Interest 
expense, net
    Fuel     Depreciation 
and 
amortization
    Interest 
expense, net
 
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded   $ 95,212     $ 140,704     $ 72,988     $ 86,663     $ 123,141     $ 64,196  
                                                 
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income                                                
Fuel contracts     7,904                   (8,584 )            
Foreign currency contracts           (899 )                 (895 )      
Interest rate contracts                 (282 )                 (765 )

 

The effects of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows (in thousands):

 

Derivatives  

Amount of gain or (loss)

recognized in other

comprehensive income

   

Location of gain or

(loss) reclassified

from accumulated

other

comprehensive

income (loss) into

income

 

Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified

from accumulated other comprehensive

income (loss) into income

 
   

Six Months

Ended June 30,

2018

   

Six Months

Ended June 30,

2017

       

Six Months

Ended June 30,

2018

   

Six Months

Ended June 30,

2017

 
Fuel contracts   $ 64,496     $ (31,087 )   Fuel   $ 11,429     $ (16,587 )
Foreign currency contracts     (33,889 )     155,064     Depreciation and amortization expense     (2,058 )     (1,752 )
Interest rate contracts     2,075       259     Interest expense, net     (863 )     (1,610 )
Total gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income   $ 32,682     $ 124,236         $ 8,508     $ (19,949 )

 

The effects of cash flow hedge accounting on the consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):

 

    For the Six Months 
Ended June 30, 2018
    For the Six Months 
Ended June 30, 2017
 
    Fuel     Depreciation 
and 
amortization
    Interest 
expense, net
    Fuel     Depreciation 
and 
amortization
    Interest 
expense, net
 
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded   $ 188,643     $ 271,948     $ 132,686     $ 175,549     $ 242,346     $ 117,156  
                                                 
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income                                                
Fuel contracts     11,429                   (16,587 )            
Foreign currency contracts           (2,058 )                 (1,752 )      
Interest rate contracts                 (863 )                 (1,610 )

 

Long-Term Debt

 

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of our long-term debt, including the current portion, was $6,964.9 million and $6,448.6 million, respectively, which was $4.2 million and $23.5 million higher, respectively, than the carrying values. The difference between the fair value and carrying value of our long-term debt is due to our fixed and variable rate debt obligations carrying interest rates that are above or below market rates at the measurement dates. The fair value of our long-term debt was calculated based on estimated rates for the same or similar instruments with similar terms and remaining maturities resulting in Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. Market risk associated with our long-term variable rate debt is the potential increase in interest expense from an increase in interest rates. The calculation of the fair value of our long-term debt is considered a Level 2 input.

 

Other

 

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets of all other financial assets and liabilities approximate fair value.